Seek out face-to-face interactions and use technology wisely

Confidence

Quality of Evidence

The evidence supporting the importance of face-to-face interaction, while acknowledging the role of technology, is of moderate quality. Research consistently demonstrates that in-person social interactions are important for emotional wellbeing, relationship satisfaction, and mental health. Face-to-face communication provides non-verbal cues, deeper emotional connections, and greater feelings of support compared to online interactions. However, the evidence on the effects of technology on social connection is mixed. While some studies highlight the benefits of technology in maintaining relationships across distances, others point to the negative impacts of excessive screen time and passive social media use on mental health and social engagement. Studies examining how limiting use of technologies impact wellbeing are mixed. In reviewing this literature, it is apparent that how individuals use technology, and what stimuli these technologies expose us to, determine the effects of technology use on our wellbeing. As such, the overall quality of evidence is strong in emphasizing the need for a balance between in-person and online interactions, while being careful to use technology in constructive ways.

Balance of Benefits and Harms

The balance of benefits versus harms in seeking face-to-face connection and using technology wisely is strongly in favor of benefits. Face-to-face interactions provide more meaningful social connections, reduce feelings of loneliness, and enhance emotional wellbeing. The judicious use of technology can strengthen relationships and maintain connections across distances. However, the potential harms of over-reliance on technology, such as reduced in-person interactions, distraction, and negative self-perception, are significant if not managed properly. The guideline’s emphasis on balancing in-person interactions with the mindful use of technology mitigates these risks and maximizes the benefits of both.

Alignment with Values and Preferences

This guideline aligns well with the values and preferences of most individuals, as people generally value both the convenience of technology and the depth of face-to-face interactions. The recommendation to seek face-to-face connection resonates with those who prioritize meaningful and supportive relationships, while the advice to use technology wisely acknowledges the modern reliance on digital tools. This approach is likely to be highly acceptable across diverse age groups and cultural contexts, as it accommodates varying degrees of comfort with technology and differing social needs.

Feasibility

The feasibility of seeking face-to-face connection while using technology wisely is moderate. While most people can appreciate the value of in-person interactions, practical barriers such as geographic distance, time constraints, and the prevalence of digital communication may make it challenging to prioritize face-to-face connection. As well, technology companies employ many strategic features designed to reduce agency and entrap users. However, the guideline provides practical advice on using technology to enhance rather than replace in-person interactions, which is achievable for most individuals. The recommendation to limit passive use of technology is also feasible with conscious effort and self-regulation.

Certainty of Recommendation

Based on our assessment of the above criteria, we are confident that seeking out face-to-face social connections and using technology wisely to facilitate social connections is important. Our primary reservations relate to uncertain evidence regarding how various technologies might affect relationships, social and self-cognitions, and other important factors. Nevertheless, we believe the likelihood that additional information or evidence would cause us to reverse this recommendation is low.

Overall Assessment

The overall rating for this guideline is Strong Recommendation, Moderate Quality of Evidence.Main content